The nuclear deal between India and the United States, also known as the 123 agreement, is one of the most significant international agreements in recent history. The deal has been the subject of much discussion and debate since it was signed in 2005, with many people wondering why it is called the 123 agreement.
In simplest terms, the 123 agreement gets its name from the section of the United States Atomic Energy Act that governs the transfer of nuclear technology and materials to other countries. Specifically, section 123 of the act lays out the requirements for any agreement between the United States and another country regarding the transfer of nuclear materials or technology.
The 123 agreement between India and the United States is significant because it marks a major shift in global nuclear policy. Prior to the signing of the agreement, India had been largely cut off from the international nuclear community due to its refusal to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The 123 agreement lifted many of the restrictions on India`s nuclear program, allowing for greater cooperation between the two countries.
Under the terms of the 123 agreement, the United States agreed to share its nuclear technology and materials with India in exchange for a commitment to use them for peaceful purposes. India also agreed to open its nuclear facilities to international inspections and to establish a safeguards agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency.
While the 123 agreement was hailed as a major step forward for India`s nuclear program, it was not without controversy. Many critics of the agreement argued that it would undermine global nonproliferation efforts and encourage other countries to pursue nuclear weapons. Others were concerned that the agreement would give India access to sensitive nuclear technology without sufficient safeguards in place to prevent it from falling into the wrong hands.
Despite these concerns, the 123 agreement has remained in place and has helped to foster a closer relationship between India and the United States. Today, India is seen as a key player in global nuclear policy, and the 123 agreement is often cited as an example of successful international cooperation in the nuclear sphere.
In conclusion, the nuclear deal between India and the United States is called the 123 agreement because it is based on section 123 of the United States Atomic Energy Act. The agreement has been a major turning point in global nuclear policy, allowing for greater cooperation between two countries that had previously been at odds over India`s refusal to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. While the agreement has been controversial, it remains an important example of successful international cooperation in the realm of nuclear technology and policy.